Future Time Clauses: The workers are going to strike until...

                                                                    Names ________________

With your partner, finish these sentences. After clauses beginning with as soon as, before, after, etc., you need present tense. The other half of the sentence will be in future tense.

1.  The workers are going to strike (罢工, hacer huelga, бастова́ть,

يضرب عن العمل) until

 

2.  Before she goes on vacation, she

 

3.  I’m going to shop around (=check the price on a particular item at several stores) before I

 

1.  The workers are going to strike until …

…they get/receive health and dental benefits.
…they get/receive a pay raise.
…they get/receive job protection.

2.  Before she goes on vacation, she…

…is going to/will purchase her plane ticket.
…is going to/will make hotel reservations.
…is going to/will make plans for her trip.
...is going to/will pay her bills ahead of time (beforehand).
…is going to/will ask her neighbors to watch her place.
…is going to/will ask her friend to water her plants/feed her cat.

 

3.  I’m going to shop around (=check the price on a particular item at several stores) before I...
…I buy/purchase a new car.
...I buy anything.

Verb + Infinitive OR Verb + Gerund?

Verb + Infinitive    Example:  She wants to see/to visit/to know

1   agree to do s.t.  同意做某事, consentir en o aceptar hacer algo, дать согласие сов + ср, يوافق  قبل

2    refuse to do s.t.  拒 绝 做 某 事, negarse a hacer algo, отказываться, يرفض 
3    decide to do s.t. 决 定 做 某 事, decidir hacer algo, решать, يقرر
4   expect to do s.t.  预计, 预期, 预料, esperar hacer algo,  ожида́ть, يتوقّع            
5   hope to do s.t.  希 望 能 做 某 事, tener esperanzas de hacer algo, наде́яться, يتوقع
6   intend to do s.t.  打算做某事, pensar hacer algo, намереваться,
7    offer to do s.t.  愿意做一些事, ofrecerse a hacer algo,  предл|ага́ть, يعرض ، يقدم
8   know how to do s.t.
9    learn (how) to do s.t.
10 promise to do s.t.
11 would like to do s.t.

Verb + Gerund    Example:  I enjoy reading/skiing/cooking

12 avoid doing s.t.  避 免 做 某 事, evitar, избегать, يتجنب
13 be tired of doing s.t.  对…厌倦, estar cansado o aburrido de hacer algo, уставать от,   تعبَ من , مستاء,
14 can’t help doing s.t.  不得不,  忍不住,  情不自禁,  他 毫 无 办 法 ,  no puede uno (por) menos de hacer, 
     он ничего не может поделать с этим, لا أستطيع الإمتناع عن كذا
15 can't stand doing* *really don’t like, 讨厌, detestar, aborrecer, ненави́деть, я его терпеть не (могу),
     لا يتحمل، لا يطيق, . لا أستطيع أتحمل ذلك.
16 consider doing s.t.   考 虑 做 某 事, pensar (en) hacer algo, подумывать о, подумывать, فكر
17 enjoy doing s.t.
18 finish doing s.t.
19 insist on doing s.t.  坚持要做某事, insistir en hacer algo, настаивать, يصر على، يطالب
20 postpone doing s.t.  推迟, aplazar (hacer) algo, откладывать
21 suggest doing s.t.  建议, 提议, sugerir, proponer, предлагать, советовать, يقترح

Same Verb, Different Meanings:  Verb + Gerund and Verb + Infinitive

22  You remember + doing something that happened or began earlier.
          I remember giving her that present. It made her so happy!  (First I gave it. After that,  I remember giving it.)
23 You remember + to do something that is coming up later or in the future. = Don't forget to do s.t.
          When you buy groceries, remember to get some milk. We're out of it. (First remember. After that, buy.)
24 You stop doing something that is already in progress, has already begun (happening now, 正 在 进 展 中,
     esta avanzando o progresando, в прогресс, جاري، متقدم).
          The doctor says I need to stop smoking. (I currently smoke. I began years ago. In the future, I need to stop.)
          He stopped buying gas at that station because the attendants were rude. (For many years, he bought gas at that  station. Buying the gas was already happening. Then he stopped buying gas there.)
25 Stop to do something is the same as stop in order to do something. 为 了 做 某 事 , para hacer,
     для того чтобы, لكي، من أجل   You are stopping because you need to do something. 
          I was almost out of gas, so I stopped to fill up. (I stopped at a gas station in order to get more gas.)
26 Try doing means to use an alternative way (供替代的, 供选择的, альтернати́ва, بديل) or method.
          If he doesn't understand what you're saying, try speaking in Mandarin instead.
27 Try to means to make an effort* to do something. *尝试 , esfuerzo, уси́лие, جهد                             
          You should try to speak English as much as possible. It's the only way you will become fluent*.
      *流利的, 流畅的, hablar con fluidez/soltura, свободно владеть, فصيح، طليق اللسان

Verb + DOING or TO DO:  Both are O.K. and they have the same meaning.
28 like to do or like doing                                          31 continue to do or continue doing
29 love to do or love doing                                        32 begin to do or begin doing

30 hate to do or hate doing                                      33 start to do or start doing

Infinitive or Gerund: Part 1

Infinitive or Gerund?  Part 1:  Fill in the blanks using an infinitive (to do) or a gerund (doing).

Example: I enjoy (read) _________ spy novels.→ I enjoy reading spy novels. Verb #17 on your sheet

a.    Do you know how (use) ________________ Photoshop?  Verb #__ on your sheet

b.    Her physician has advised her to postpone (have) ______________ the operation until she loses weight. Verb #__
c.    He saw how many bags she had, so he offered (help) ________ her carry them inside the house. Verb #__
d.    I finally finished (write) _______________ my composition. Thank god! It took me forever. Verb #__
e.    I said I could do it by myself, but she insisted on (help) _______________ me. Verb #__
f.    I would like (visit) ________________ my relatives in France this summer, but I don't know if I can afford* it.  *have enough money for   Verb #__
g.    This mosquito bite itches so much! I can't help (scratch*) ______________ it! * 搔 , rascarse, чесать, يحك   Verb #__
h.    I'm tired of (do) __________ grammar exercises all the time. Why can't we do something else? Verb #__
i.     a. Did you forget to send in the payment?
       b. No. I can distinctly (=clearly) remember (put) _____________ the check in the mail box. Verb #__

 

a. to use  Rule 8

b. having  Rule 20

c. to help  Rule 7

d. writing  Rule 18

e. helping  Rule 19

f. to visit  Rule 11

g. scratching  Rule 14

h. doing  Rule 13

i. putting  Rule 22  First I put the check in the mail box. After that, I remembered putting it in.

Daylight Saving Time: We lose an hour of sleep :-(

When you go to sleep tonight (Saturday night), move your clocks ahead one hour.

2 a.m. Sunday will become 3 a.m. everywhere in the U.S. except in Arizona and Hawaii.

In Europe, however, daylight saving time doesn't begin until March 31.

So, I hope I don't see you an hour late on Monday!

Good News

I am delighted to report that 32 students passed Phrasal Verb Test #3. (Nine got 100%!) Only eight students will need to repeat the test, and I am certain they will do much better next time.

More Pics!

Past Continuous with Simple Past

5-505130-1 Past Continuous with Simple Past

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Practice using the past continuous with the simple past. You will hear two sentences in present tense. Change the sentences to past tense.
Say the first thing was happening when the second thing happened.
Start each sentence with “while.”

Example:
he is making dinner / he cuts himself
While he was making dinner, he cut himself.
(past continuous and simple past)

Example:
She is using the computer. She has a system error. (电脑故障,  mal funcionamiento del ordenador, сбой ошибки)     

While she was using the computer, she had a system error.
(past continuous and simple past)

While she is using the computer, she has a system error.

He is making dinner. He cuts himself.
He is mowing the lawn. The lawn mower* breaks down. (=stops working)

*(修剪草坪, cortar el césped,  подстригать)
He is drying the dishes. He drops a dish and it breaks.
He is parking. He backs into another car.
She is making copies. The machine jams.

出故障，不能运转, (停止运作，由于阻塞), atascarse, stopped working because a paper got stuck and

blocked the path
He is working for the model agency. He meets a beautiful woman and falls in love.
She is getting off Muni. The door suddenly closes and hits her in the head.
He is plugging in the blowdryer. He gets shocked.

触电, me dio una descarga/un golpe de corriente, меня́ уда́рило то́ком, صدمة كهربائية (noun)
She is playing with the cat. It scratches* her. (搔, arañó,  царапать)